Kumapeto kwa PCB (Printed Circuit Board) kumatanthawuza mtundu wa zokutira kapena machiritso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zamkuwa zowonekera ndi mapepala pamwamba pa bolodi.Kumaliza kwapamwamba kumagwira ntchito zingapo, kuphatikiza kuteteza mkuwa wowonekera kuti usatenthedwe ndi okosijeni, kupititsa patsogolo kusungunuka, komanso kupereka malo athyathyathya kuti agwirizane ndi chigawocho panthawi yolumikizana.Zomaliza zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimapereka magwiridwe antchito, mtengo wake, komanso kufananira ndi mapulogalamu enaake.
Golide-plating ndi kumizidwa golide ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma board board amakono.Ndi kuphatikizika kowonjezereka kwa ma IC ndi kuchuluka kwa zikhomo, njira yopopera mankhwala yowongoka ya solder imavutikira kuphwanyitsa ma solder ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta pamisonkhano ya SMT.Kuonjezera apo, nthawi ya alumali ya malata opoperapo ndi yaifupi.Kuyika golide kapena kumiza golide kumapereka mayankho kuzinthu izi.
Paukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri, makamaka pazigawo zing'onozing'ono monga 0603 ndi 0402, kusalala kwa ma solder pads kumakhudza kwambiri mtundu wosindikizira wa solder, womwe umakhudzanso kwambiri mtundu wazomwe zimapangidwiranso.Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito golide wodzaza ndi golide kapena kumiza golide nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa pamapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri komanso ang'ono kwambiri.
Panthawi yoyeserera, chifukwa cha zinthu monga kugula zinthu, ma board nthawi zambiri samagulitsidwa akangofika.M’malo mwake, angadikire kwa milungu kapena miyezi ingapo asanagwiritsidwe ntchito.Nthawi ya alumali ya matabwa a golide wokutidwa ndi kumiza ndi yotalika kwambiri kuposa ya matabwa opangidwa ndi malata.Chifukwa chake, njirazi zimakondedwa.Mtengo wa ma PCB agolide okutidwa ndi golide womizidwa panthawi yoyeserera ndi wofanana ndi wa matabwa a lead-tin alloy board.
1. Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG): Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino ya PCB pamwamba.Zimaphatikizapo kuyika faifi yamagetsi yopanda magetsi ngati gawo lapakati pamapadi ogulitsira, ndikutsatiridwa ndi wosanjikiza wa golide womiza pamwamba pa faifi tambala.ENIG imapereka maubwino monga kugulitsa bwino, kusalala, kukana dzimbiri, komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino a soldering.Makhalidwe a golide amathandizanso kupewa oxidation, motero kumapangitsa kukhazikika kosungirako kwakanthawi.
2. Hot Air Solder Leveling (HASL): Iyi ndi njira ina yodziwika bwino yochizira pamwamba.Mu ndondomeko ya HASL, mapepala a solder amalowetsedwa muzitsulo zosungunuka za malata ndipo solder yowonjezera imawombedwa ndi mpweya wotentha, ndikusiya yunifolomu ya solder.Ubwino wa HASL umaphatikizapo kutsika mtengo, kusavuta kupanga ndi kutenthetsa, ngakhale kulondola kwake komanso kusalala kwake kungakhale kotsika pang'ono.
3. Electroplating Golide: Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kuyika golide wosanjikiza pazitsulo za solder.Golide amapambana pakupanga magetsi komanso kukana dzimbiri, potero amawongolera mtundu wa soldering.Komabe, kuyika golide nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokwera mtengo poyerekeza ndi njira zina.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazala zagolide.
4. Organic Solderability Preservatives (OSP): OSP imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito organic protective layer to solder pads kuti atetezedwe ku okosijeni.OSP imapereka kutsetsereka kwabwino, kugulitsa, ndipo ndiyoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zopepuka.
5. Tini Yomiza: Mofanana ndi golide womiza, malata omiza amaphatikizapo kupaka mapepala a solder ndi malata.Tini yomiza imapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino a soldering ndipo ndiyotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi njira zina.Komabe, sizingapambane kwambiri ngati golide womizidwa malinga ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali.
6. Nickel / Gold Plating: Njirayi ndi yofanana ndi golide womiza, koma pambuyo pa plating ya nickel yopanda electroless, wosanjikiza wamkuwa umakutidwa ndikutsatiridwa ndi chithandizo chazitsulo.Njirayi imapereka ma conductivity abwino komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri, oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.
7. Silver Plating: Kupaka siliva kumaphatikizapo kupaka mapepala a solder ndi siliva wosanjikiza.Siliva ndi yabwino kwambiri pamayendedwe, koma imatha kutulutsa okosijeni ikayatsidwa ndi mpweya, nthawi zambiri imafunikira wosanjikiza wowonjezera woteteza.
8. Kupaka Golide Wolimba: Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazolumikizira kapena mfundo zolumikizirana zazitsulo zomwe zimafunikira kuyika ndikuchotsa pafupipafupi.Golide wokhuthala amayikidwa kuti asatayike komanso kuti dzimbiri.
Kusiyana Pakati pa Kupaka Golide ndi Kumiza Golide:
1. Mapangidwe a kristalo opangidwa ndi golide-plating ndi kumizidwa golide ndi osiyana.Kuyika golide kumakhala ndi golide wocheperako poyerekeza ndi golide womiza.Kuyika golide kumakonda kukhala kwachikasu kuposa golide womizidwa, zomwe makasitomala amapeza kukhala zokhutiritsa.
2. Golide womiza ali ndi makhalidwe abwino a soldering poyerekeza ndi golide-plating, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa soldering ndi madandaulo a makasitomala.Ma board a golide omiza amakhala ndi kupsinjika kwambiri kosinthika ndipo ndi oyenera kugwirizanitsa njira.Komabe, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chake chofewa, golide womiza sakhala wolimba kwa zala zagolide.
3. Kumizidwa kwa golide kumangobvala faifi tambala-golide pamapadi ogulitsira, osasokoneza maulumikizidwe amkuwa, pomwe kuyika golide kumatha kukhudza kufalikira kwa ma siginecha.
4. Kuyika kwa golide kolimba kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a kristalo poyerekeza ndi golide womizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke ndi okosijeni.Golide womizidwa ali ndi golide wocheperako, yemwe amatha kuloleza nickel kufalikira.
5. Kumizidwa kwa golide sikungathe kuyambitsa mawaya afupikitsa pamapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi plating ya golide.
6. Kumizidwa kwa golide kumamatira bwino pakati pa zigawo za solder ndi mkuwa, zomwe sizimakhudza katayanidwe panthawi yolipira.
7. Golide womiza nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamatabwa omwe amafunidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kutsetsereka kwake bwino.Kupaka golide nthawi zambiri kumapewa zochitika zapambuyo pagulu lakuda.Kusalala ndi moyo wa alumali wa matabwa a golide omiza ndi abwino ngati a plating golide.
Kusankha njira yoyenera yochizira pamwamba kumafuna kuganizira zinthu monga momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito, kukana dzimbiri, mtengo wake, ndi zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito.Malingana ndi zochitika zinazake, njira zoyenera zothandizira pamtunda zingasankhidwe kuti zigwirizane ndi mapangidwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-18-2023
