Kutsegula Msuzi wa Zilembo: Zidule za 60 Zoyenera Kudziwa Pamakampani a PCB

Makampani a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) ndi gawo laukadaulo wapamwamba, luso laukadaulo, komanso uinjiniya wolondola.Komabe, imabweranso ndi chilankhulo chake chapadera chodzazidwa ndi mawu achidule achinsinsi komanso ma acronyms.Kumvetsetsa zidule zamakampani a PCB ndikofunikira kwa aliyense wogwira ntchito, kuyambira mainjiniya ndi opanga mpaka opanga ndi ogulitsa.Mu bukhuli lathunthu, tisankha mawu ofupikitsa 60 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani a PCB, kuwunikira tanthauzo la zilembo.

**1.PCB - Gulu Lozungulira Losindikizidwa**:

Maziko a zipangizo zamagetsi, kupereka nsanja kwa okwera ndi kulumikiza zigawo zikuluzikulu.

**2.SMT - Surface Mount Technology**:

Njira yolumikizira zida zamagetsi mwachindunji ku PCB.

**3.DFM - Mapangidwe Opangira Zinthu **:

Malangizo opangira ma PCB mosavuta kupanga m'malingaliro.

**4.DFT - Design for Testability**:

Mfundo zopangira zoyeserera bwino komanso kuzindikira zolakwika.

**5.EDA - Electronic Design Automation**:

Zida zamapulogalamu zamapangidwe amagetsi amagetsi ndi mawonekedwe a PCB.

**6.BOM - Bill of Equipment**:

A mndandanda wa zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi zipangizo zofunika PCB msonkhano.

**7.SMD - Surface Mount Chipangizo**:

Zida zopangidwira msonkhano wa SMT, zokhala ndi zowongolera kapena zowongolera.

**8.PWB - Gulu Losindikizidwa Lolemba **:

Mawu omwe nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana ndi PCB, nthawi zambiri pama board osavuta.

**9.FPC - Dongosolo Losindikizidwa Losinthika**:

Ma PCB opangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosinthika zopindika ndikugwirizana ndi malo omwe si adongosolo.

**10.Rigid-Flex PCB**:

Ma PCB omwe amaphatikiza zinthu zolimba komanso zosinthika mu bolodi limodzi.

**11.PTH - Yokutidwa Kupyolera Mbowo**:

Mabowo mu ma PCB okhala ndi ma conductive plating pobowola chigawo cha soldering.

**12.NC - Numerical Control**:

Kupanga motsogozedwa ndi makompyuta kuti apange molondola PCB.

**13.CAM - Kupanga Zothandizira Pakompyuta**:

Zida zamapulogalamu zopangira deta yopangira PCB.

**14.EMI - Kusokoneza kwa Electromagnetic**:

Ma radiation osafunikira a electromagnetic omwe amatha kusokoneza zida zamagetsi.

**15.NRE - Umisiri Wosabwerezabwereza**:

Mtengo wanthawi imodzi pakupanga mapangidwe a PCB, kuphatikiza ndalama zolipirira.

**16.UL - Underwriters Laboratories **:

Imatsimikizira ma PCB kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zachitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito.

**17.RoHS - Kuletsa Zinthu Zowopsa **:

Lamulo loyang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowopsa mu ma PCB.

**18.IPC - Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits**:

Imakhazikitsa miyezo yamakampani pakupanga ndi kupanga kwa PCB.

**19.AOI – Automated Optical Inspection**:

Kuwongolera kwabwino pogwiritsa ntchito makamera kuyang'ana ma PCB ngati ali ndi vuto.

**20.BGA - Mpira Grid Array**:

Phukusi la SMD lokhala ndi mipira yogulitsira pansi pazolumikizana zolimba kwambiri.

**21.CTE - Coefficient of Thermal Expansion**:

Muyeso wa momwe zida zimakulirakulira kapena kugwirizanitsa ndi kusintha kwa kutentha.

**22.OSP - Organic Solderability Preservative**:

Chosanjikiza chopyapyala chomwe chimayikidwa kuti chiteteze mizere yamkuwa yowonekera.

**23.DRC - Kuyang'ana Malamulo Opanga **:

Macheke aatomatiki kuti awonetsetse kuti mapangidwe a PCB akukwaniritsa zofunikira zopanga.

**24.VIA – Vertical Interconnect Access**:

Mabowo ntchito kulumikiza zigawo zosiyanasiyana za multilayer PCB.

**25.DIP - Phukusi Lapawiri Pamzere **:

Kupyolera mu dzenje lokhala ndi mizere iwiri yofananira ya mayendedwe.

**26.DDR - Mtengo Wambiri Wambiri **:

Ukatswiri wa pamtima womwe umasamutsa deta m'mbali zonse zokwera ndi zotsika za chizindikiro cha wotchi.

**27.CAD - Mapangidwe Othandizira Pakompyuta**:

Zida zamapulogalamu zamapangidwe a PCB ndi masanjidwe.

**28.LED - Light Emitting Diode **:

Chipangizo cha semiconductor chomwe chimatulutsa kuwala pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ikudutsamo.

**29.MCU – Microcontroller Unit**:

Chigawo chophatikizika chophatikizika chomwe chimakhala ndi purosesa, kukumbukira, ndi zotumphukira.

**30.ESD - Electrostatic Discharge **:

Kuthamanga kwadzidzidzi kwa magetsi pakati pa zinthu ziwiri zokhala ndi ndalama zosiyana.

**31.PPE - Zida Zodzitetezera Munthu**:

Zida zotetezera monga magolovesi, magalasi, ndi masuti ovala ndi ogwira ntchito opanga PCB.

**32.QA - Chitsimikizo cha Ubwino**:

Njira ndi machitidwe owonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino.

**33.CAD/CAM – Mapangidwe Othandizira Pakompyuta/Kupanga Pakompyuta**:

Kuphatikizana kwa mapangidwe ndi njira zopangira.

**34.LGA - Land Grid Array**:

Phukusi lokhala ndi mapepala angapo koma osatsogolera.

**35.SMTA - Surface Mount Technology Association**:

Bungwe lodzipereka kupititsa patsogolo chidziwitso cha SMT.

**36.HASL - Kuwongolera kwa Air Solder **:

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito zokutira za solder pamalo a PCB.

**37.ESL - Equivalent Series Inductance **:

Parameter yomwe imayimira inductance mu capacitor.

**38.ESR - Equivalent Series Resistance **:

Chizindikiro choyimira kutayika kwamphamvu mu capacitor.

**39.THT - Kupyolera mu Hole Technology**:

Njira yowonjezera zigawo zokhala ndi zitsogozo zodutsa mabowo mu PCB.

**40.OSP - Nthawi Yopanda Ntchito**:

Nthawi yomwe PCB kapena chipangizo sichikugwira ntchito.

**41.RF - Mawailesi pafupipafupi**:

Zizindikiro kapena zigawo zomwe zimagwira ntchito pama frequency apamwamba.

**42.DSP – Digital Signal processor**:

Microprocessor yapadera yopangidwira ntchito zamasinthidwe a digito.

**43.CAD - Chida Cholumikizira Chigawo **:

Makina oyika zida za SMT pa PCBs.

** 44.QFP - Phukusi la Quad Flat **:

Phukusi la SMD lokhala ndi mbali zinayi zosalala ndipo limatsogolera mbali iliyonse.

** 45.NFC - Near Field Communication**:

Tekinoloje yolumikizirana opanda zingwe zazifupi.

**46.RFQ - Pempho la Mawu **:

Chikalata chopempha mitengo ndi mawu kuchokera kwa wopanga PCB.

** 47.EDA - Electronic Design Automation**:

Mawu omwe nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza pulogalamu yonse ya PCB.

** 48.CEM - Wopanga Zamagetsi Wamgwirizano**:

Kampani yomwe imagwira ntchito pa PCB kusonkhana ndi kupanga ntchito.

** 49.EMI/RFI – Electromagnetic Interference/Radio-Frequency Interference**:

Ma radiation osafunikira a electromagnetic omwe amatha kusokoneza zida zamagetsi ndi kulumikizana.

**50.RMA - Bweretsani Chilolezo cha Merchandise**:

Ndondomeko yobwezera ndikusintha zida za PCB zomwe zidasokonekera.

**51.UV - Ultraviolet**:

Mtundu wa ma radiation omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa PCB ndi PCB solder mask processing.

**52.PPE - Katswiri wa Parameter**:

Katswiri yemwe amakwaniritsa njira zopangira PCB.

**53.TDR - Time Domain Reflectometry**:

Chida choyezera mizere yopatsirana mu PCBs.

**54.ESR – Electrostatic Resistivity**:

Muyeso wa kuthekera kwazinthu kuwononga magetsi osasunthika.

**55.HASL - Yopingasa Air Solder Leveling**:

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito zokutira za solder pamalo a PCB.

**56.IPC-A-610**:

Muyezo wamakampani wovomerezeka pamisonkhano ya PCB.

**57.BOM - Kumanga kwa Zida **:

A mndandanda wa zipangizo ndi zigawo zofunika PCB msonkhano.

**58.RFQ - Kufunsira Mawu **:

Chikalata chofunsira ndalama kuchokera kwa ogulitsa PCB.

**59.HAL - Kutentha kwa Air Level**:

Njira yowonjezeretsa kusungunuka kwa malo amkuwa pa PCBs.

**60.ROI - Bwererani pa Investment **:

Muyeso wa phindu la njira zopangira PCB.

Tsopano popeza mwatsegula kachidindo kuseri kwa zidule 60 zofunika pamakampani a PCB, ndinu okonzeka kuyendera gawo lovutali.Kaya ndinu katswiri wodziwa zambiri kapena mwangoyamba kumene kupanga ndi kupanga PCB, kumvetsetsa mawu ofupikitsawa ndiye chinsinsi chakulankhulana bwino komanso kuchita bwino padziko lonse la Printed Circuit Boards.Mawu achidule awa ndi chinenero cha nzeru zatsopano